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OCCULT MEANINGS OF THE DAYS OF THE WEEK

Occult meanings of the Days of the Week

In this article we will explore the hidden meanings of the Days of the Week, drawing from occult traditions and symbolic interpretations to illuminate their deeper resonance and try to understand these energies, so we can align our lives more harmoniously with the natural rhythms of the cosmos.

In today’s modern world, Days of the Week are often viewed as mere markers of time, guiding our routines and responsibilities. Yet, beneath the surface of these seven days lies a rich tapestry of history, mythology, and energetic significance. Each day is imbued with a unique vibration, shaped by ancient calendars, planetary associations, and esoteric wisdom.

The concept of the seven-day week is rooted in ancient civilizations, with origins that stretch back thousands of years and starting with the development of the first calendars.

Firstly, all calendars are based on astronomical cycles.

These cycles can be from the sun (solar), the moon (lunar), a combination of sun and moon (luni solar) or the stars – (sidereal)

Solar calendars are based on the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, specifically on the time it takes the Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun, known as a tropical year. Lunar calendars are based on the monthly cycles of the Moon’s phases Luni-solar calendars are based on the combination of two cycles: the lunar cycle (the Moon’s phases) and the solar cycle (the Earth’s orbit around the Sun) and sidereal calendars are based on the movement of celestial bodies, specifically the stars, rather than the movement of the sun or the moon

The Babylonian calendar, one of the earliest known, divided time into a seven-day cycle based on the phases of the moon. This practice was later adopted by the Jewish, Roman, and ultimately the Christian and Islamic calendars. There are still 12 lunar calendars used around the world today to mark religious practices, traditional holidays or cultural events: Chinese, Herbrew, Islamic, Hindu, Thai, Vietanmese, Burmese, Tibetan, Kurdish, Assyrian, Jain and Celtic.

The Gregorian calendar, a solar calendar used throughout the Christian world, is the most accepted and recognized calendar in the world. It is used alongside other calendars as a universal standard for international business, communication, and travel.

The Gregorian calendar is the result of reforms and modifications of the medieval Christian calendar and Julian calendar.

Within this universal system, the structure of the seven day week remains a deeply symbolic and ancient construct. Let’s have a look at some esoteric meanings that continues to resonate today.

Days of the week:

Each day of the week was named after one of the seven visible celestial bodies in the sky: the Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn. The order of the days originally derived from the Babylonians. These names remain in modern languages, as a testament to their enduring influence. But beyond their astronomical origins, the days of the week have long been associated with archetypal energies and spiritual forces that can shape our lives in profound ways.

Sunday: The Day of the Sun

Language roots:

Sunday comes from Sol in Roman, Domenica in Italian, Sun in Anglo-Saxon

Sunday, as its name suggests, is governed by the Sun, a symbol of vitality, clarity, and divine light. In many traditions it is the first day of the week and in many cultures, the Sun is seen as a source of life and inspiration, making Sunday a day of celebration. Its energy promotes creativity, confidence, and a sense of purpose. In ancient Greek the Sun is also known as Helios.

Esoterically, The Sun represents the self, the soul, and the power of manifestation. It has the power to illuminate, therefore, to dispel darkness.

In occult teachings, the Sun represents:

  1. The Self and the Soul: It symbolizes individuality, self-expression, and the core essence of who we are.
  2. Vitality and Life Force: The Sun governs health, energy, and the inner fire that drives creativity and ambition.
  3. Divine Light: As the giver of light, the Sun is often associated with truth, clarity, and spiritual awakening.
  4. Manifestation: The Sun’s radiant energy supports growth and realization of potential.

The day of the Sun is uplifting, radiant and empowering. It can be used as a day to recharge your energy.

It is also a day to be used to set clear intentions and plan for the week with optimism and clarity. You can connect to the Sun spiritually by meditation, praying or engaging in practices that align with your higher self.

In Hindu tradition, Sunday is considered the first day of the week, and it is associated with the worship of Surya, the solar deity. Surya Namaskar is a greeting done to the sun, in which one pours water in gratitude of the sun. For more information on Sun Worship, you can check this video out!

Rituals performed on Sunday often focus on success, personal empowerment, or connecting with the divine. This day’s energy encourages us to shine brightly, embrace our authentic selves, and set intentions for the week with optimism and clarity.

To enhance the Suns energy, especially on Sunday, wear or use gold, yellow or orange colors to reflect the Suns’s vibrant energy. This helps to emanate warmth, vitality and joy. Crystals that enhance positivity, abundance and personal power are citrine. For joy and creativity, try sunstone and for grounding solar energy try amber.

In Astrology the Sun is connected to the sign of Leo – a sign that emanates power, strength and energy and demands attention. It is connected to the element of fire, inspiring action, passion, courage and transformation.

In Tarot, the Sun is connected to the Sun card – a bringer of joy, creative endeavors, new projects and new beginnings. It is the birth of a new day with abundance, growth and vitality.

Things to watch out for: Watch out for boastfulness, having too much pride, arrogance, ego, self-centeredness or overconfidence. The Sun is theoried to be the center of this solar system, therefore an overabundance of solar energy may cause these qualities.

Also watch out for burnout. Constant action with no grounding and no rest can cause an individual to burn the candle at both ends, or, to wear oneself out.

Things to take advantage of: Use Sunday as a day to create, especially self expression via creative works. This can be art, music or dance. Performing arts are especially favored as the energy of life and vitality is connected to the Sun. Be optimistic and enthusiastic. Use the day to give thanks for the sun and the blessings it provides everyone on the Earth. Celebrate radiance and warmth and life, the very essence of the Sun.

Monday: The Day of the Moon

Language roots:

Monday derives its name from the Moon, Luna in Roman, Lunedi in Italian, Moon in Anglo-Saxon

It is a celestial body associated with intuition, emotions, and the subconscious mind. In esoteric traditions, the Moon symbolizes the divine feminine, receptivity, and the cycles of life. The energy of Monday encourages introspection, emotional awareness, and nurturing connections. It is a day to honor the ebb and flow of feelings, embracing stillness and reflection.

The moon represents:

  • The Subconscious Mind: A gateway to intuition, dreams, and hidden emotions.
  • Cycles and Change: A reminder of impermanence and the need to adapt to life’s phases.
  • Feminine Energy: The nurturing, receptive, and intuitive aspects of existence.
  • Reflection and Illumination: Shedding light on what is hidden, both within and without.

In magic and ritual, Monday is linked to water, the element of emotions, and practices that enhance psychic abilities or healing.

Energetically, Monday invites us to tune into our inner world. Its reflective nature makes it an ideal day for journaling, meditation, or setting intentions for the week ahead. However, the Moon’s influence can also heighten sensitivity, making it important to practice grounding and emotional balance.

To enhance the moons energy wear or use silver, white or pale blue to reflect the Moons luminous and calming energy. Using silver in magical practices also helps to connect more deeply to moon energy.

Crystals that can amplify moon energy are moonstone, which enhances intuition, emotional balance and the connection to the divine feminine; selenite, which can clear energy and promote spiritual clarity and pearl, which symbolizes purity, wisdom and emotional harmony.

In astrology, the Moon is the ruler of the zodiac sign Cancer, which governs the home, family, and inner emotions. Astrological work on Monday often focuses on nurturing the self or relationships, addressing emotional blockages, or tapping into intuitive guidance.

If working with lunar magic or doing shadow work, Monday is a day when this energy will be stronger.

In Tarot, the moon is represented by the High Priestess card, which symbolizes what is internal, hidden, secret or occult.

Things to watch out for on Monday – pay attention to ebbs and flows of emotion, especially during full moons, when feelings, sentiments and nostalgic thoughts can be easily triggered. Mood swings may be common and fluctuate with the phases of the moon.

Also be aware of “lunatics”. Coming from the latin word lunaticus, these are people that are affected by madness (lunacy), or people that go crazy, or act “looney” during full moons and especially if the full moon falls on a monday!, And for cat lovers – pay attention to them during a full moons – This energy can be quite intense for our feline friends!

Things to take advantage of – Monday is a day of deep introspection, meditation, psychic, divination and intuitive work, shadow or dream work, self reflection, cleansing and purification, releasing emotional blocks, rest and self care. Pay attention to dreams; many messages come through the sub-conscious. Be receptive to messages received on Monday.

Tuesday: The Day of Mars

Language roots:

Tuesday takes its name from Mars, Martes in Roman, Martedi in Italian, Tiw in Anglo-Saxon.

Mars is the Roman god of war, conflict and action. In Norse mythology, the day is associated with Tiw, a god of combat and justice. In ancient Greece Mars is known as Ares.

Mars is masculine energy and represents drive, courage, and assertiveness, infusing Tuesday with fiery energy. This is a day for taking bold steps, tackling challenges, and asserting one’s willpower.

Mars is often associated with:

  1. Action and Initiative: The force that drives us to act decisively.
  2. Courage and Confidence: The strength to face challenges head-on.
  3. Conflict and Struggle: The duality of destruction and creation.
  4. Passion and Desire: The intense emotions that fuel purpose.

It’s energy is excellent for initiating projects, accepting new challenges, engaging in physical activities, or addressing conflicts with clarity and strength. It encompasses calculated action and decisive leadership. This day teaches the balance between brute force and strategic thinking.

Occult traditions often link Mars to the element of fire and the color red, symbols of passion, vitality and raw power of life force. It’s also linked to the metal Iron, making it a day of alchemy by turning raw energy into purposeful action.

To enhance Mars energy, use iron in rituals or magic, wear or use the color red, scarlet or orange, to harness raw power and physical strength, use spices such as cinnamon or burn dragon’s blood incense to deepen your connection to Mars or use crystals such as Carnelian for courage, red jasper, for energy and bloodstone for resiliance.

Being a powerful planet, Mars’ forceful nature can also provoke impatience or aggression, reminding us to channel its power constructively.

In astrology, Mars is the ruler of the zodiac sign Aries and Scorpio, Aries which governs boldness, courage, power, initiative and impulsiveness. Aries is also associated with the head, representing the mind, vision, and direction. It’s a time to break through any emotional blocks and confront problems head on, much like a Ram – the animal symbolized by Aries – would do during a battle. And Scorpio which transforms and purifies raw energy, transforming the rough diamond into something pure and powerful. In Tarot it is associated with the Tower: complete and sudden transformation and change which is unexpected and most of the time needed, but not necessarily welcome. It is the clearing of the slate and a new beginning, as the beginning of the growth of a plant in the ashes of the freshly erupted volcano after the dust is still settling.

Things to watch out for on Tuesday – arguments, escalation in conflicts, physical fights or violence, lack of compassion, impulsivity, taking risks, reckless or destructive behavior, impatience, dominating or desire to control others, being overly competitive, excess frustration, overworking, burning yourself out, rushed or hastily made choices. Road rage can be easily triggered on Tuesdays.

Things to take advantage of – good day for physical activity, starting new projects, pursuing goals, being assertive and bold, transformation and taking charge. Use Tuesday as an opportunity to be a trailblazer, take action. channel boldness into purpose, overcome obstacles, and embrace the warrior spirit within.

Wednesday: The Day of Mercury

Language roots:

Wednesday comes from Mercurius in Roman, Mercoledi in Italian, Woden in Anglo-Saxon.

Wednesday is governed by Mercury, Hermes in Greek, and is the planet of communication, intellect, and adaptability. In Roman mythology, Mercury is the messenger of the gods, and his influence imbues Wednesday with a sense of curiosity and mental agility.

This day is ideal for learning, networking, and creative problem-solving.

Mercury is associated with:

  • The Mind: Logic, reason, and analytical thinking.
  • Communication: Speech, writing, and negotiation.
  • Travel: Movement, exploration, and commerce.
  • Alchemy: Transformation, particularly the balance of spiritual and material energies. Mercury in alchemical traditions, is sometimes also known as quicksilver and represents the prima materia, or the original substance from which matter and spirit come. This means that Wednesday can be a powerful day to do inner alchemical work.

Esoterically, Mercury is associated with air and the mind, emphasizing clarity of thought and expression.

Rituals performed on Wednesday often focus on enhancing communication skills, divination, or gaining insight into complex situations.

The energy of this day encourages flexibility, adaptability and the pursuit of knowledge, making it perfect for intellectual endeavors like studying, solving problems, and any tasks require critical thinking Since it rules communication, it is also a good day to have any meaningful conversations.

To enhances Mercury’s energy, use yellow, silver, or light green represent Mercury’s quick and versatile energy. Burn incense or open windows to move air, which symbolizes intellect, movement, and communication and use Citrine and fluorite to enhance focus, and aquamarine to aid in clarity in communication.

Using different symbols such as a Caduceus, quill, parchment, or winged sandals (Hermes’ footwear) will be increased on Wednesday.

In astrology Mercury rules both Gemini and Virgo and these two signs lend energy to Wednesday. Intellect, logic, reasoning and analytical thinking will be enhanced, as well as paying attention to details and being meticulous.

In Tarot, it’s associated with the Magician – a cunning, intellectual fellow who has mastery over spells via words (the air quality) and who can persuade, control, manipulate or convince through communication, but who can also manifest exactly that which he desires.

Things to watch out for: Mercury is related to air so watch out for restlessness, anxiety, nervousness, overthinking or scattered thoughts. Communication and words are important with Mercury so pay attention to how you say things. Be truthful and avoid telling lies or manipulating people.

Things to take advantage of: Use Wednesday as a day to be Direct and clear in communication, especially in relationships. It’s a good day for expressing yourself, giving speeches in public, journaling or doing any type of writing activities, critical thinking or solving problems, Negotiating, especially in contracts or sales and skills of persuasion or influencing others can be heightened on Wednesdays. It’s a good day to be curious about different activities and learn something new! Being under Mercury, new information will be retained and memorized more quickly.

Thursday: The Day of Jupiter

Language roots:

Thursday comes from Jove in Roman, Giovedi in Italian, and Thor in Anglo-Saxon.

Thursday derives its name from Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system and a symbol of expansion, abundance, and wisdom.

Known as Thor’s Day in Norse mythology, it is associated with the thunder god Thor, reflecting themes of strength, growth and protection.

Jupiter, in Roman mythology, is the king of the gods, ruling over justice, authority, and the heavens.

Jupiter is a planet of expansive energy that encourages us to think big, aim high, and connect with our higher purpose.

Jupiter’s associations include:

  • Expansion: Growth, opportunity, long term vision and the broadening of horizons.
  • Wisdom: Higher education, philosophy, and spiritual insight.
  • Abundance: Wealth, prosperity, and success.
  • Justice: Integrity, fairness, and ethical leadership.

In the occult realm, Jupiter is linked to prosperity, luck, and higher learning.

Rituals performed on Thursday often aim to attract abundance, enhance leadership skills, or deepen one’s connection to divine wisdom.

There is the possibility to see the big picture with Jupiter and seek a greater understanding of things. One can grow and expand materially and spiritually, as Jupiter is connected to the ether element, symbolizing the expansive nature of the cosmos.

To enhance Jupiter’s energy, try wearing or using colors of Royal blue, purple, or gold which represent Jupiter’s majesty and wisdom. Crystals, such as amethyst and sapphire can enhance spiritual wisdom, while citrine attracts abundance. In rituals, or to harness Jupiter’s strength and authority, use symbols such as thunderbolt, eagle and oak tree.

In astrology, Jupiter rules Sagittarius and traditionally Pisces. Sag known for Optimism, adventure, philosophy and a quest for truth and Pisces known for Spiritual depth, compassion, and connection to the divine.

In Tarot, Jupiter is associated with the Wheel of Fortune. Luck and prosperity are arriving …. or diminishing … depending on which direction the wheel is turning.

Things to watch out for: Jupiter is expansion – watch out for overconsumption and overindulgence in general. Avoid unrealistic expectations or arrogance that can come from an inflated ego. Jupiter can lead to overconfidence. Pay extra attention to details as Jupiter’s big-picture focus may overlook small details or have you neglecting details.

Things to take advantage of: The energy of this day encourages optimism and a broad perspective, inviting us to embrace life’s opportunities with gratitude. Its energy also fosters growth, generosity, and spiritual development, making Thursday a powerful day for setting long-term goals and seeking guidance.

Friday: The Day of Venus

Language roots:

Friday comes from Venere in Roman, Venerdi in Italian, Freya in Anglo-Saxon.

Friday is named after Venus, the Roman goddess of love, beauty, and harmony and representing the ideal of beauty and romantic desire. It ancient Greece she is known as Aphrodite.

In Norse mythology, the day is associated with Freya, a goddess of love and fertility. Venus imbues Friday with a sense of romance, creativity, and connection, making it an ideal day for nurturing relationships and indulging in self-care.

Venus symbolizes:

  • Love and Affection: The bonds we form with others, from romantic to platonic relationships.
  • Creativity and Art: The inspiration to create and appreciate beauty.
  • Abundance and Luxury: Material pleasures, wealth, and sensual enjoyment.
  • Harmony and Balance: The pursuit of peace in relationships and environments.

Esoterically, Venus governs the heart and the arts, encouraging expressions of beauty and affection. Rituals for love, attraction, or artistic inspiration are particularly potent on this day. Friday’s energy reminds us to prioritize joy, pleasure, and the bonds that bring us closer to others.

Venus’ energy also enhances prosperity rituals or manifestations aimed at financial stability.

To enhance the energy of Friday, wear or use the colors of Pink symbolizing love and affection and green symbolizing growth and abundance.

Crystals can be used in rituals to enhance the energy of Venus, especially on Friday, for stronger magic. Among them are Rose quartz, connected to unconditional love, emerald for prosperity, and jade for peace and harmony.

Likewise, herbs and plants such as rose, lilies and apple’s blossoms can be used in love spells or beauty potions.

In astrology, it governs both the signs Taurus (sensuality, grounded love, material pleasures) and Libra (balance, partnerships). In Tarot Venus is the Empress. Lush, beautiful and always giving birth to something, as the Empress is forever fertile and she lends to creative projects, abundant beauty and a nurturing quality.

Things to watch out for: Friday night is generally referred to as “the night out”. But watch out for overindulgence, such as in food, drink or sex, or escapism. These things are increased on Fridays. Avoid getting too caught up in pleasure sensations.

Focus on solid, real relationships versus superficial relationships. Venus has a tendency to see only what’s on the surface. Don’t let yourself become co-dependent or a people pleaser.

Things to take advantage of: Friday is a good day to strengthen relationships, express yourself with creativity, music or arts, appreciation beautiful things, be affectionate towards individuals, especially loved ones, bring peace and balance into relationships, enjoy material and sensual pleasures and indulge in moderation in the things that make you feel good. Remember libra to keep things in balance.

Saturday: The Day of Saturn

Language roots:

Saturday comes from Saturnius in Roman, Sabato in Italian, Saturn in Anglo-Saxon.

Saturday is ruled by Saturn, the planet of discipline, structure, and responsibility.

Named after the Roman god Saturn, or Cronos in ancient Greece, it is he who governs time, karma, and cycles of life and death.

Saturday carries an esoteric significance that invites reflection, accountability, structure and renewal. Saturn’s influence encourages us to focus on long-term commitments, organization, and personal growth through discipline.

In occult practices, Saturn is often associated with the element of earth and themes of boundaries, karma, and transformation. Saturday is an excellent day for clearing away clutter, completing unfinished tasks, or engaging in deep self-reflection. While its energy may feel heavy or restrictive, it offers valuable lessons in patience and perseverance.

In mythology. Saturn is a stern and powerful figure.

Representing discipline, boundaries, and the passage of time, Saturn’s influence can feel heavy, yet it is ultimately designed to teach profound life lessons.

Key aspects of Saturn include:

  1. Time and Cycles: Saturn rules over time, reminding us of its finite nature and urging us to use it wisely.
  2. Karma and Consequences: It governs the law of cause and effect, where our actions bear fruit over time.
  3. Structure and Boundaries: Saturn emphasizes the importance of rules, discipline, and order.
  4. Transformation Through Struggle: Challenges brought by Saturn lead to growth, resilience, and self-mastery.

To gain Saturn’s blessings, wear or use Black and dark blue items to symbolize Saturn’s grounding and protective qualities. Beneficial crystals to harness the energy are Onyx, which provides grounding and strength, and Obsidian which offers protection and aids in shadow work. Hematite will also enhance focus and balance energy.

Saturn is the Element of Earth and the energy is rooted in practicality, making Saturday a day to focus on tangible results and physical stability.

Rituals and other practices on Saturday can include karma cleansing, protection rituals or shadow work, as well as grounding activities to stabilize and balance any lighter energies.

In astrology it is connected to Capricorn and Aquarius, symbolizing ambition, responsibility, duty and innovative thought. In Tarot it is the World meaning completion- a full cycle. Something is ending and something is beginning, for example as in reincarnation. Energy is cyclical. The world is what Saturn will give you after all the struggle, hardships and discipline you have overcome and the negative karma you have burned off. The rewards of labor and success are now yours.

Things to watch out for: Overworking. Saturn’s discipline can lead individuals to become workaholics or lead to burnout. Make sure to still take rest when needed. Avoid seeing limitations in everything. See the possibilities that hard work and discipline can give you. Avoid being too rigid or perfect. An excessive focus on discipline and structure can stifle creativity or flexibility.

Things to take advantage of: Saturn is restriction and discipline. Use Saturday as a day to stick to your diet, exercise and get things done that you know you should do. It’s also a day to help others. Saturn rules over karma, so doing good deeds on Saturday can go a long way. Donate time to a homeless shelter, feed stray animals or help the elderly.

The days of the week are far more than convenient divisions of time; they are a reflection of the cosmic forces that shape our existence. Each day carries a unique vibration, offering opportunities for growth, self-discovery, and alignment with the universe. By understanding the energetic significance of these days, we can live more intentionally, harmonizing our actions with the natural rhythms of the cosmos. Whether through meditation, ritual, or simply mindful living, the ancient wisdom embedded in the week invites us to connect with the greater mysteries of life and find meaning in each passing day.

So what’s your favorite Day of the Week, and why? We’d love to hear about it in the comments below! Share this article!!!


Video version here:

Occult meanings of the Days of the Week


Interesting sources, additional info, courses, images, credits, attributions and other points of views here:

Balancing and Healing the Chakras through Yoga https://www.udemy.com/course/balancing-and-healing-the-chakras-through-yoga/?referralCode=12C81A148616B419AA06

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Elemental Energy for Success and Well Being https://www.udemy.com/course/elemental-energy-for-success-and-well-being/?referralCode=A680413E03BEAD96E744

Book a Tarot reading here: https://www.suryaholistictarot.com/book-a-reading/

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Links and References:

https://www.mooncratertycho.com/the-12-lunar-calendars-still-in-use-around-the-world/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_calendar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunatic

http://www.homeoint.org/morrell/astrology/medical.htm

https://www.rmg.co.uk/sites/default/files/Calendars-from-around-the-world.pdf

https://www.astrojyotish.com/index.asp

https://ang.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dweligende_tungol

https://wordinfo.info/unit/3217

Pics:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_calendar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mene_(goddess)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus#/media/File:Venus_2_Approach_Image.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonstone_(gemstone)#/media/File:Raw_Moonstone.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenite_(mineral)

https://www.gia.edu/sunstone

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Sun worship and Solar symbolism – Myth and History

Sun worship and Solar symbolism – Myth and History

Sun worship has been a prevalent aspect of human civilization throughout history, with various cultures and civilizations venerating the sun as a symbol of divine power, life, and renewal. This practice has roots in ancient times and continues to influence religious and cultural beliefs in many societies. In this essay, we will explore the significance of sun worship and delve into the rich symbolism associated with the sun.

Solar Symbolism:

Life and Vitality: The sun is a universal symbol of life and vitality. Its warmth and light are essential for the sustenance of life on Earth. Many ancient cultures believed that the sun’s energy was a life-giving force, bestowing fertility upon the land and its inhabitants. The worship of the sun was, therefore, a way of expressing gratitude for the abundance it provided.

Cycle of Renewal: The sun’s daily rise and fall, along with the changing seasons, symbolize the cyclical nature of life, death, and rebirth. Sun worship often incorporates rituals and festivals tied to solstices and equinoxes, marking the changing phases of the sun and the corresponding renewal of nature. These celebrations are a testament to the interconnectedness of human life with the celestial cycles.

Divine Power: In many cultures, the sun is personified as a deity or a representation of divine power. The sun’s omnipresence and its ability to illuminate the entire world made it a natural symbol for an all-seeing, all-knowing force. Sun gods and goddesses became central figures in religious pantheons, embodying qualities such as wisdom, strength, and benevolence.

Symbol of Unity: The sun, being a celestial body that transcends cultural and geographical boundaries, has often been seen as a symbol of unity. Its rays reaching every corner of the Earth symbolize a connection between all living things. This concept of unity is reflected in various religious and spiritual practices that emphasize the relationship between humanity and the natural world.

Ancient Egyptian Religion: The sun was considered a powerful symbol of life and regeneration.

Here are some key aspects of sun worship in ancient Egyptian religion:

Deity: Ra (Re): Ra was the primary solar deity and one of the most important gods in the Egyptian pantheon. He was associated with the sun and the creator of all life. He was often depicted with a sun disk on his head, symbolizing his association with the sun. Ra was believed to travel across the sky during the day and journey through the underworld at night.

Significance: The sun was closely tied to creation and regeneration in Egyptian cosmology. The daily journey of Ra across the sky represented the cycle of life, death, and rebirth.

Rituals: Various rituals and festivals were dedicated to Ra, emphasizing his role in sustaining life.

Sun Temples: Temples like the famous Karnak complex were built to honor the sun god and those dedicated to the worship of the sun were built throughout ancient Egypt. These temples were designed with specific alignments and orientations to capture the rays of the sun at particular times of the day, emphasizing the solar connection.

Solar Symbolism: The sun played a symbolic role in Egyptian religious iconography. The sun disk, known as the “Aten” was a common symbol associated with solar deities. It often appeared atop the heads of various gods and goddesses, representing their connection to the sun.

Solar Barques: The sun was believed to travel across the sky in a boat or barque. Ra’s journey through the sky during the day and through the underworld at night was depicted as a voyage on a solar barque. This concept reflected the cyclical nature of the sun’s movement.

Hymns and Prayers: The ancient Egyptians composed hymns and prayers dedicated to the sun, praising its life-giving and sustaining qualities. These texts often emphasized the sun’s role in the creation of the world and its benevolence in providing light and warmth.

Solar Calendar: The ancient Egyptians developed a solar calendar based on the annual rising of the star Sirius, which coincided with the annual flooding of the Nile River. This calendar reflected the importance of celestial events, including the sun’s movements, in the agricultural and religious life of the Egyptians.

Overall, sun worship was deeply ingrained in the religious beliefs and practices of ancient Egyptians, influencing their architecture, art, and daily rituals. The sun represented not only a celestial body but also a divine force essential for life and prosperity.

Ancient Roman Religion: In ancient Rome, the sun was associated with the god Sol Invictus, meaning the “Unconquered Sun.” The cult of Sol Invictus became particularly prominent during the later Roman Empire. In ancient Roman religion, sun worship was not a dominant or organized cult like it was in some other ancient civilizations, such as Ancient Egypt.

However, the Romans did acknowledge and venerate the sun as a powerful and vital force in the cosmos. The sun played a significant role in Roman religious practices, symbolism, and iconography.

The Romans identified the sun with several deities from their pantheon, and these associations evolved over time. One of the earliest sun deities in Roman religion was Sol Indiges, an indigenous sun god. As Roman influence expanded, they encountered other cultures with their own sun deities, and these influences shaped the Roman understanding of the sun.

Deity: Sol Invictus, the “Unconquered Sun,” was a late Roman god associated with the sun. Emperor Aurelian officially created the Sol Invictus cult in the 3rd century AD.

Festivals: The festival of Sol Invictus, celebrated on December 25th, coincided with the winter solstice and the gradual lengthening of daylight. This date later influenced the Christian celebration of Christmas.

Sol Indiges: As mentioned earlier, Sol Indiges was an early Roman sun god. The name “Indiges” suggests a connection to indigetes, local deities associated with specific places or communities.

Apollo: While primarily associated with music, poetry, and prophecy, Apollo was also linked to the sun, especially as Apollo Helios. The identification of Apollo with the sun was influenced by Greek mythology, where Helios was the personification of the sun.

Sun worship in Rome was often intertwined with other cults and deities, and the sun’s symbolism was incorporated into various religious ceremonies, monuments, and artwork. The solar disc, often depicted with rays, was a common symbol associated with the sun.

It’s important to note that Roman religious practices were diverse, and individuals might have personal preferences for certain deities or cults. The Roman Empire’s vast and multicultural nature allowed for the incorporation of various religious beliefs and practices, contributing to the syncretic nature of Roman religion.

Inca Civilization: The Inca civilization in South America worshipped Inti, the sun god. The sun held great significance in their agricultural and religious practices. The Inca civilization, which thrived in South America from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, had a complex religious system that included sun worship. The sun, known as Inti, held great significance in Inca cosmology and was considered the most important deity in their pantheon.

Deity: The emperor of the Inca Empire was believed to be the direct descendent of Inti. Inti was revered as the ancestral father of the Inca rulers and the source of life and warmth. The Inca believed that their ruler, the Sapa Inca, was directly descended from Inti, reinforcing the divine nature of the ruler’s authority.

Sacrifices: The Inca performed rituals and sacrifices to honor Inti, especially during important agricultural events. Offerings included gold, silver, and even human sacrifices in extreme cases.

Coricancha (Qorikancha): The Coricancha, located in the capital city of Cusco, Peru, was the principal temple dedicated to Inti. It was an important religious and administrative center and was adorned with gold and precious metals. The temple complex also included rooms dedicated to the worship of other deities.

Inti Raymi: Inti Raymi, the Festival of the Sun, was one of the most significant religious ceremonies in the Inca calendar. Held annually in honor of Inti, the festival took place during the winter solstice in June. It involved elaborate rituals, processions, and animal sacrifices. The Sapa Inca would perform ceremonies at the Coricancha, and the celebration would continue with feasts, music, and dances.

Solar Observatories: The Inca were skilled astronomers, and they built structures such as the “Intihuatana” (Hitching Post of the Sun) in the city of Machu Picchu. These structures were believed to have astronomical significance and were used for observing the movements of the sun. The Intihuatana, for example, is a stone pillar that casts a shadow that aligns with the sun during specific times of the year.

Solar Agriculture: The Inca also incorporated solar symbolism into their agricultural practices. The layout of agricultural terraces, known as andenes, often followed the orientation of the sun to maximize sunlight exposure for crop growth.

Sun Imagery: Sun symbols and images were prevalent in Inca art and iconography. The sun disc with a face, representing Inti, was a common motif in textiles, pottery, and metalwork.

It’s important to note that Inca religion was syncretic, meaning it incorporated elements from various cultures and regions incorporated into the empire. The Inca rulers promoted the cult of Inti to unify the diverse ethnic groups within the empire, under a common religious framework.

Aztec Civilization: The Aztecs, a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico from the 14th to the 16th centuries, had a complex religious belief system that included sun worship as a significant element.

Deity: Huitzilopochtli played a crucial role in the Aztec pantheon and was associated with the founding of their capital, Tenochtitlan. Huitzilopochtli, often referred to as the “Blue Hummingbird on the Left” or the “Left-Handed Hummingbird,” was the chief god of the Aztecs and the god of the sun, war, and human sacrifice. According to Aztec mythology, Huitzilopochtli was born to the goddess Coatlicue, and he was associated with the daily journey of the sun across the sky.

Symbolism: The sun symbolized the journey of Huitzilopochtli across the sky. The Aztecs believed that the sun required nourishment, leading to the practice of human sacrifices to ensure the sun’s vitality and continued movement across the sky.

The Aztec Sun Stone: The Aztecs created a massive stone sculpture known as the Aztec Sun Stone or the Stone of the Five Suns, which is often incorrectly called the “Aztec Calendar Stone.” This intricate monolith is adorned with symbolic carvings that represent cosmic cycles, including the sun’s movements.

Templo Mayor: The Templo Mayor in the Aztec capital city of Tenochtitlan was a major religious center where the Great Temple was dedicated to Huitzilopochtli and Tlaloc, the god of rain. The temple complex was a focal point for sun worship, and human sacrifices were performed there to appease the gods.

Festivals and Rituals: The Aztecs held various festivals and rituals to honor the sun. One of the most important ceremonies was the Xiuhmolpilli, a festival that marked the end of a 52-year cycle in the Aztec calendar. This event involved elaborate rituals, including the sacrifice of captives to ensure the renewal of the sun.

The worship of the sun played a central role in Aztec religion, reflecting their understanding of the natural world, cosmic cycles, and the interconnectedness of life and the divine.

Hinduism: In Hinduism, the sun is associated with the deity Surya. Surya is considered a solar deity and is worshipped in various forms in Hindu rituals and prayers. The Rigveda, one of the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism, contains hymns dedicated to the Sun, highlighting its importance in early Vedic traditions.

Deity: Surya Deva (Sun God) is often depicted as a benevolent deity with a golden hue riding a chariot drawn by seven horses, representing the seven colors of the spectrum and the days of the week. Surya is believed to be the source of light and energy, and is considered the soul of the world.

Spiritual Significance: Sun worship is not just a form of reverence for a celestial body; it also carries deep spiritual symbolism. The Sun is seen as a symbol of knowledge, consciousness, and the eternal principle that sustains life. Worshiping the Sun is believed to bestow spiritual enlightenment and wisdom.

Festivals: Hinduism has several festivals dedicated to the Sun, the most notable being Chhath Puja. Chhath is a Hindu festival celebrated in various parts of India, particularly in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh. It involves paying homage to the Sun God and is observed with rituals, fasting, and prayer, often performed by women.

Gayatri Mantra: The Gayatri Mantra, found in the Rigveda, is one of the most powerful and revered mantras in Hinduism. It is dedicated to Savitar, a form of the Sun God, and is recited during prayer and meditation. The mantra is considered a source of divine energy and a means of seeking spiritual guidance.

Surya Namaskar (Sun Salutation): Surya Namaskar is a series of yoga postures dedicated to the Sun. It is performed in the early morning, facing the rising sun, and is a holistic exercise that combines physical postures with rhythmic breathing and mental focus. Surya Namaskar is considered a way to express gratitude to the Sun and promote physical and mental well-being.

Temples: While there are not as many temples dedicated solely to the Sun as there are to other deities in Hinduism, some notable ones include the Konark Sun Temple in Odisha and the Martand Sun Temple in Jammu and Kashmir.

Sun worship in Hinduism is diverse and manifests in various forms, ranging from philosophical and symbolic reverence to ritualistic practices and festivals. It reflects the profound connection between the natural elements and the spiritual beliefs within the Hindu tradition.

Japanese Shinto: In Shinto, the traditional religion of Japan, the sun goddess Amaterasu is a central figure. The Japanese imperial family claims descent from Amaterasu, emphasizing the connection between the sun and the ruling line. In Shinto, natural elements such as mountains, rivers, trees, and celestial bodies are considered kami, which are divine or sacred spirits. Among these natural elements, the sun holds a significant place.

Mythology: Amaterasu’s temporary retreat to a cave led to darkness. The other deities devised a plan to lure her out, and when she emerged, light was restored to the world. This myth is often interpreted as symbolizing the importance of the sun’s light and warmth.

Ise Grand Shrine: The Ise Grand Shrine, or Ise Jingu, is the most sacred Shinto shrine in Japan. It is dedicated to Amaterasu and is rebuilt every 20 years in a cyclical ritual known as Shikinen Sengu. The shrine complex includes the Naiku (Inner Shrine) and Geku (Outer Shrine). The Naiku enshrines Amaterasu, and the entire shrine is oriented to the sun, emphasizing its connection to the solar deity.

Rituals and Festivals: Shinto festivals and rituals often involve expressions of gratitude for the sun and prayers for its continued blessings. The New Year’s celebration, known as Hatsumode, is a time when many people visit Shinto shrines to pray for good fortune in the coming year, often expressing gratitude for the sun’s life-giving energy.

Symbolism: The sun is a powerful symbol in Shinto iconography. It is often represented by the use of the circle, which can be seen in torii gates, shimenawa (sacred ropes), and other Shinto emblems. The rising sun motif is also a common symbol, reflecting the importance of the sun’s daily renewal.

While the worship of the sun is integrated into Shinto practices, it’s essential to note that Shinto is a flexible and diverse belief system, and individual practices may vary. Shinto, as a nature-based religion, emphasizes the interconnectedness of the natural world, and the sun plays a crucial role in this spiritual framework.

Native American Cultures: Some Native American tribes, such as the Hopi and Navajo, incorporate sun worship into their spiritual practices. The sun is often seen as a symbol of life and fertility. Sun worship was a significant aspect of many Native American cultures, and various tribes across North America held diverse beliefs and practices related to the sun. It’s important to note that while there are some commonalities, each tribe had its unique cosmology and spiritual practices.

Symbolism: The sun is often seen as a symbol of life, warmth, and fertility. It plays a role in creation myths and is associated with agricultural cycles.

Rituals: Sun dances and ceremonies are conducted in some tribes to honor the sun and seek its blessings for the community.


Here are a few examples of how sun worship manifested in different Native American cultures:

Hopi Tribe:

The Hopi people of the Southwest have a strong connection to the sun in their religious beliefs. They perform ceremonies and rituals that revolve around the sun, emphasizing its role in their agricultural cycles.

The Katsina (Kachina) ceremonies are central to Hopi spirituality, involving masked dancers representing spirits associated with various aspects of nature, including the sun.

Navajo Nation:

The Navajo, also located in the Southwest, incorporate sun symbolism into their rituals. The sun is considered a source of life and plays a role in healing ceremonies.

The Hogan, a traditional Navajo dwelling, is often built with its entrance facing east to greet the rising sun, symbolizing a new day and the renewal of life.

Plains Tribes:

Plains tribes, such as the Lakota and Cheyenne, have sun dances as integral parts of their religious practices. These dances are often held during the summer and involve elaborate rituals, fasting, and prayer to honor the sun and seek spiritual guidance.

The sun dance is a communal event that symbolizes renewal, balance, and the interconnectedness of all living beings.

Pueblo Tribes:

Pueblo tribes in the Southwest, like the Zuni and Taos, incorporate sun motifs into their art and pottery. The sun is seen as a life-giving force, and its representation can be found in various religious symbols.

Kivas, underground ceremonial chambers, are used in Pueblo rituals, and some are aligned with the solar calendar, emphasizing the significance of the sun in their cosmology.

Cherokee Nation:

The Cherokee, located in the Southeast, also recognized the importance of the sun. Their Green Corn Ceremony, held in late summer, involves thanking the sun for the ripening of crops and seeking spiritual renewal.

The Ani Hyuntikwalaski (Cherokee Fire Ceremony) is another ritual where the sun plays a symbolic role in cleansing and purifying participants.

While sun worship is a common theme, the specific rituals and beliefs vary widely among Native American tribes. The sun often symbolized life, fertility, renewal, and spirituality, and its importance is reflected in diverse ceremonies and cultural practices.

In Kongo religion, Nzambi Mpungu is the Sky Father and god of the Sun, while his female counterpart, Nzambici, is Sky Mother and the god of the Moon and Earth. The Sun is very significant to Bakongo people, who believe that the position of the sun marks the different seasons of a Kongo person’s life as they transition between the four moments of life: conception (musoni), birth (kala), maturity (tukula), and death (luvemba). The Kongo cosmogram, a sacred symbol in Bakongo culture, depicts these moments of the sun.

Mithraism: Although not a mainstream religion, Mithraism was a mystery religion in the Roman Empire that focused on the god Mithras. It flourished from the 1st to the 4th century CE.

Mithras and his symbolism as the Sun God:

Mithras was commonly identified with the sun, and his representation often featured him in a distinctive tauroctony, a scene where he slays a bull. This act was seen as a symbolic representation of the cosmic forces and the triumph of light over darkness. Mithras was sometimes depicted with a radiate crown, representing the sun’s rays. The solar symbolism emphasized themes of light, truth, and the divine order in the cosmos.

Mithraic Worship Spaces (Mithraea):

Mithraic rituals took place in underground sanctuaries known as Mithraea. These were often small, windowless structures with a central aisle and benches along the sides. The design of the Mithraeum emphasized the symbolism of emerging from darkness into the light.

Annual Festivals:

Mithraism had specific festivals and ceremonies associated with the sun’s annual journey. The most important celebration was the “Natalis Invicti,” which marked the birth of the “Invincible Sun” and coincided with the winter solstice. This festival, celebrated around December 25th, had some influence on later Christian celebrations.

Military Connections:

Mithraism was particularly popular among Roman soldiers, and its influence spread along military routes throughout the empire. The emphasis on discipline, hierarchy, and the symbolism of the sun may have appealed to the military mindset.

These are just a few examples, and sun worship or the veneration of solar deities can be found in various cultures across different continents and historical periods. It’s important to note that the significance of sun worship can vary within different sects or regions of a particular culture.

Sun worship and the symbolism of the sun have played a significant role in shaping the religious and cultural practices of diverse civilizations. The reverence for the sun as a source of life, renewal, and divine power continues to resonate in modern societies. Understanding the symbolic significance of the sun provides insights into the profound ways in which ancient cultures perceived and revered the natural world, fostering a deeper appreciation for the enduring legacy of sun worship.

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Video version here:

Sun worship and Solar symbolism – Myth and History


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